2024 Трансформация экосистем 7 (4), 187-204

Влияние опушек на численность насекомых в лесах центра европейской части России

Ручин А.Б. 

Опушки лесов являются экотонами на границе закрытых (лес) и открытых (луг, поле) экосистем. Это своеобразные места обитания самых различных насекомых, которые способны проникать через эти границы и влиять на функционирование пограничных экосистем. За последние годы количество опушек увеличилось вследствие антропогенной фрагментации лесов.
С помощью пивных ловушек мы исследовали численность насекомых на 3 экспериментальных участках, представлявших собой открытую экосистему с расположенным рядом лиственным лесом. Ловушки располагались на опушках и внутри леса на высоте 1.5 и 7.5 м над уровнем почвы.
В общей сложности было собрано 46116 экземпляров из 10 отрядов насекомых. На опушках всех участков суммарная численность отрядов была выше, чем внутри лесных участков. Dermaptera, Mecoptera и Trichoptera преобладали на опушке. На опушках численность Blattodea была выше в 3.3 раза, чем внутри леса. Численность Hemiptera в ловушках была небольшой с преобладанием на нижнем уровне. Blattodea во всех местоположениях многократно преобладали внизу.
Общая численность Coleoptera на опушках была ниже (за исключением участка с березняком).
Численность Hymenoptera на опушках и внутри леса, а также в нижних и верхних ловушках не отличались. Численность Diptera на всех участках была выше на опушках и всегда в нижнем ярусе. Neuroptera преобладали на верхнем уровне ловушек как на опушках, так и внутри леса.

А. Б. Ручин
Объединенная дирекция Мордовского государственного природного заповедника им. П.Г. Смидовича и национального парка «Смольный»
430005, Россия, г. Саранск, ул. Красная, д. 30

ruchin.alexander@gmail.com

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